Synthesis of Drugs

Synthesis Of Norfloxacin

Cinoxacin, Azolinic acid Cinoxacin, cinnolin-3-carboxylic acid 33.2.14 , is synthesized by a different scheme starting with 2-amino-4,5-methylendioxyacetophenone 33.2.10 , which is synthesized by reducing 4,5-methylendioxy-2-nitroacetophenone with hydrogen over a platinum catalyst. In diazo-tation conditions, this undergoes spontaneous heterocyclization to 4-hydroxy-6, 7-methylendioxycinnoline 33.2.11 obviously due to the presence of a significant amount of the enol form of acetophenone 33.2.10...

Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepine derivatives are a basic class of anxiolytics or tranquilizers compounds for treating conditions of general anxiety, and their synthesis and properties as such will be considered separately. However, despite the fact that the principal clinical effect of the benzodiazepines used in medicine is basically qualitatively identical, certain benzodiazepines are used for specific purposes other than relieving anxiety. In particular, representatives of this series of benzodiazepines such...

Synthesis of Essential Drugs

Hruby ISBN 978-0-444-52166-8 1.General Anesthetics, Pages 1-8 2.Local Anesthetics, Pages 9-18 4.Soporific Agents (Hypnotics and Sedative Drugs), Pages 57-68 5.Anxiolytics (Tranquilizers), Pages 69-82 Pages 83-101 7.Antidepressants, Pages 103-116 8.Central Nervous System Stimulants, Pages 117-124 9.Antiepileptic Drugs, Pages 125-133 10.Antiparkinsonian Drugs, Pages 135-141 11.Adrenergic (Sympathomimetic) Drugs, Pages 143-159 12.Adrenoblocking Drugs, Pages 161-177...

Adrenoblockers

Drugs that exhibit reversible competitive blocking action on -adrenoreceptive receptor system and that counteract effects of catecholamines are called -adrenoblockers. These drugs selectively reduce cardiostimulatory, vasodilating, broncholytic, and metabolic (glycogenolytic and lipolytic) action of catecholamines released from adrenergic nerve endings and adrenal glands. j-Receptors are present in heart tissues, and cause an increased heart rate by acting on the cardiac pacemaker cells. Many...

Central Nervous System Stimulants

A huge number of physiologically active substances exhibit stimulatory action on the central nervous system (CNS) however, the number of drugs used for this purpose in medicine is extremely limited. Substances that increase vigilance and reduce the need for sleep are considered as CNS stimulants or psychostimulants. In other words, there are drugs capable of temporarily keeping one awake, elevating mood and maintaining adequate perception of reality, reducing outer irritability and the feeling...

Temazepam Synthesis

Triazolam is the most frequently prescribed drug for insomnia. However, addiction to tri-azolam can develop very quickly, as can a number of other side effects such as early-morning insomnia, daytime anxiety, and others. Synonyms for this drug are normison, remstan, restoril, and others. Temazepam Temazepam, 4.2.7 , is synthesized from the intermediate product of oxazepam synthesis, zepin-2-on-4-oxide 5.1.17 , by methylation of the nitrogen of the amide group in the first position of the...

Noninhalation Anesthetics

In order to place a patient under narcosis in modern anesthesiology, multiple drugs are used both prior to using inhalation anesthetics and during the procedure. The compounds used (with a few special exceptions) are formally classified as noninhalation anesthetics and are representative of other pharmacological classes of compounds (analgesics, tranquilizers, neuroleptics, and others). It is worth mentioning that during noninhalation anesthesia, control and regulation during the procedure is...